Red-DiscordBot/redbot/core/bot.py

import asyncio
import inspect
import logging
import os
import platform
import shutil
import sys
from collections import namedtuple
from datetime import datetime
from enum import IntEnum
from importlib.machinery import ModuleSpec
from pathlib import Path
from typing import (
    Optional,
    Union,
    List,
    Dict,
    NoReturn,
    Set,
    Coroutine,
    TypeVar,
    Callable,
    Awaitable,
    Any,
)
from types import MappingProxyType

import discord
from discord.ext.commands import when_mentioned_or
from discord.ext.commands.bot import BotBase

from . import Config, i18n, commands, errors, drivers, modlog, bank
from .cog_manager import CogManager, CogManagerUI
from .core_commands import license_info_command, Core
from .data_manager import cog_data_path
from .dev_commands import Dev
from .events import init_events
from .global_checks import init_global_checks

from .settings_caches import PrefixManager

from .rpc import RPCMixin
from .utils import common_filters

CUSTOM_GROUPS = "CUSTOM_GROUPS"
SHARED_API_TOKENS = "SHARED_API_TOKENS"

log = logging.getLogger("redbot")

__all__ = ["RedBase", "Red", "ExitCodes"]

NotMessage = namedtuple("NotMessage", "guild")

PreInvokeCoroutine = Callable[[commands.Context], Awaitable[Any]]
T_BIC = TypeVar("T_BIC", bound=PreInvokeCoroutine)


def _is_submodule(parent, child):
    return parent == child or child.startswith(parent + ".")


# barely spurious warning caused by our intentional shadowing
class RedBase(commands.GroupMixin, BotBase, RPCMixin):  # pylint: disable=no-member
    """Mixin for the main bot class.

    This exists because `Red` inherits from `discord.AutoShardedClient`, which
    is something other bot classes may not want to have as a parent class.
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, cli_flags=None, bot_dir: Path = Path.cwd(), **kwargs):
        self._shutdown_mode = ExitCodes.CRITICAL
        self._cli_flags = cli_flags
        self._config = Config.get_core_conf(force_registration=False)
        self._co_owners = cli_flags.co_owner
        self.rpc_enabled = cli_flags.rpc
        self.rpc_port = cli_flags.rpc_port
        self._last_exception = None
        self._config.register_global(
            token=None,
            prefix=[],
            packages=[],
            owner=None,
            whitelist=[],
            blacklist=[],
            locale="en-US",
            embeds=True,
            color=15158332,
            fuzzy=False,
            custom_info=None,
            help__page_char_limit=1000,
            help__max_pages_in_guild=2,
            help__delete_delay=0,
            help__use_menus=False,
            help__show_hidden=False,
            help__verify_checks=True,
            help__verify_exists=False,
            help__tagline="",
            description="Red V3",
            invite_public=False,
            invite_perm=0,
            disabled_commands=[],
            disabled_command_msg="That command is disabled.",
            extra_owner_destinations=[],
            owner_opt_out_list=[],
            last_system_info__python_version=[3, 7],
            last_system_info__machine=None,
            last_system_info__system=None,
            schema_version=0,
        )

        self._config.register_guild(
            prefix=[],
            whitelist=[],
            blacklist=[],
            admin_role=[],
            mod_role=[],
            embeds=None,
            use_bot_color=False,
            fuzzy=False,
            disabled_commands=[],
            autoimmune_ids=[],
        )

        self._config.register_channel(embeds=None)
        self._config.register_user(embeds=None)

        self._config.init_custom(CUSTOM_GROUPS, 2)
        self._config.register_custom(CUSTOM_GROUPS)

        self._config.init_custom(SHARED_API_TOKENS, 2)
        self._config.register_custom(SHARED_API_TOKENS)
        self._prefix_cache = PrefixManager(self._config, cli_flags)

        async def prefix_manager(bot, message) -> List[str]:
            prefixes = await self._prefix_cache.get_prefixes(message.guild)
            if cli_flags.mentionable:
                return when_mentioned_or(*prefixes)(bot, message)
            return prefixes

        if "command_prefix" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["command_prefix"] = prefix_manager

        if cli_flags.owner and "owner_id" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["owner_id"] = cli_flags.owner

        if "command_not_found" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["command_not_found"] = "Command {} not found.\n{}"

        self._uptime = None
        self._checked_time_accuracy = None
        self._color = discord.Embed.Empty  # This is needed or color ends up 0x000000

        self._main_dir = bot_dir
        self._cog_mgr = CogManager()
        self._use_team_features = cli_flags.use_team_features
        super().__init__(*args, help_command=None, **kwargs)
        # Do not manually use the help formatter attribute here, see `send_help_for`,
        # for a documented API. The internals of this object are still subject to change.
        self._help_formatter = commands.help.RedHelpFormatter()
        self.add_command(commands.help.red_help)

        self._permissions_hooks: List[commands.CheckPredicate] = []
        self._red_ready = asyncio.Event()
        self._red_before_invoke_objs: Set[PreInvokeCoroutine] = set()

    @property
    def _before_invoke(self):  # DEP-WARN
        return self._red_before_invoke_method

    @_before_invoke.setter
    def _before_invoke(self, val):  # DEP-WARN
        """Prevent this from being overwritten in super().__init__"""
        pass

    async def _red_before_invoke_method(self, ctx):
        await self.wait_until_red_ready()
        return_exceptions = isinstance(ctx.command, commands.commands._AlwaysAvailableCommand)
        if self._red_before_invoke_objs:
            await asyncio.gather(
                *(coro(ctx) for coro in self._red_before_invoke_objs),
                return_exceptions=return_exceptions,
            )

    def remove_before_invoke_hook(self, coro: PreInvokeCoroutine) -> None:
        """
        Functional method to remove a `before_invoke` hook.
        """
        self._red_before_invoke_objs.discard(coro)

    def before_invoke(self, coro: T_BIC) -> T_BIC:
        """
        Overridden decorator method for Red's ``before_invoke`` behavior.

        This can safely be used purely functionally as well.

        3rd party cogs should remove any hooks which they register at unload
        using `remove_before_invoke_hook`

        Below behavior shared with discord.py:

        .. note::
            The ``before_invoke`` hooks are
            only called if all checks and argument parsing procedures pass
            without error. If any check or argument parsing procedures fail
            then the hooks are not called.

        Parameters
        ----------
        coro: Callable[[commands.Context], Awaitable[Any]]
            The coroutine to register as the pre-invoke hook.

        Raises
        ------
        TypeError
            The coroutine passed is not actually a coroutine.
        """
        if not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(coro):
            raise TypeError("The pre-invoke hook must be a coroutine.")

        self._red_before_invoke_objs.add(coro)
        return coro

    @property
    def cog_mgr(self) -> NoReturn:
        raise AttributeError("Please don't mess with the cog manager internals.")

    @property
    def uptime(self) -> datetime:
        """ Allow access to the value, but we don't want cog creators setting it """
        return self._uptime

    @uptime.setter
    def uptime(self, value) -> NoReturn:
        raise RuntimeError(
            "Hey, we're cool with sharing info about the uptime, but don't try and assign to it please."
        )

    @property
    def db(self) -> NoReturn:
        raise AttributeError(
            "We really don't want you touching the bot config directly. "
            "If you need something in here, take a look at the exposed methods "
            "and use the one which corresponds to your needs or "
            "open an issue if you need an additional method for your use case."
        )

    @property
    def counter(self) -> NoReturn:
        raise AttributeError(
            "Please make your own counter object by importing ``Counter`` from ``collections``."
        )

    @property
    def color(self) -> NoReturn:
        raise AttributeError("Please fetch the embed color with `get_embed_color`")

    @property
    def colour(self) -> NoReturn:
        raise AttributeError("Please fetch the embed colour with `get_embed_colour`")

    async def allowed_by_whitelist_blacklist(
        self,
        who: Optional[Union[discord.Member, discord.User]] = None,
        *,
        who_id: Optional[int] = None,
        guild_id: Optional[int] = None,
        role_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None,
    ) -> bool:
        """
        This checks if a user or member is allowed to run things,
        as considered by Red's whitelist and blacklist.

        If given a user object, this function will check the global lists

        If given a member, this will additionally check guild lists

        If omiting a user or member, you must provide a value for ``who_id``

        You may also provide a value for ``guild_id`` in this case

        If providing a member by guild and member ids,
        you should supply ``role_ids`` as well

        Parameters
        ----------
        who : Optional[Union[discord.Member, discord.User]]
            The user or member object to check

        Other Parameters
        ----------------
        who_id : Optional[int]
            The id of the user or member to check
            If not providing a value for ``who``, this is a required parameter.
        guild_id : Optional[int]
            When used in conjunction with a provided value for ``who_id``, checks
            the lists for the corresponding guild as well.
        role_ids : Optional[List[int]]
            When used with both ``who_id`` and ``guild_id``, checks the role ids provided.
            This is required for accurate checking of members in a guild if providing ids.

        Raises
        ------
        TypeError
            Did not provide ``who`` or ``who_id``

        Returns
        -------
        bool
            `True` if user is allowed to run things, `False` otherwise
        """
        # Contributor Note:
        # All config calls are delayed until needed in this section
        # All changes should be made keeping in mind that this is also used as a global check

        guild = None
        mocked = False  # used for an accurate delayed role id expansion later.
        if not who:
            if not who_id:
                raise TypeError("Must provide a value for either `who` or `who_id`")
            mocked = True
            who = discord.Object(id=who_id)
            if guild_id:
                guild = discord.Object(id=guild_id)
        else:
            guild = getattr(who, "guild", None)

        if await self.is_owner(who):
            return True

        global_whitelist = await self._config.whitelist()
        if global_whitelist:
            if who.id not in global_whitelist:
                return False
        else:
            # blacklist is only used when whitelist doesn't exist.
            global_blacklist = await self._config.blacklist()
            if who.id in global_blacklist:
                return False

        if guild:
            if guild.owner_id == who.id:
                return True

            # The delayed expansion of ids to check saves time in the DM case.
            # Converting to a set reduces the total lookup time in section
            if mocked:
                ids = {i for i in (who.id, *(role_ids or [])) if i != guild.id}
            else:
                # DEP-WARN
                # This uses member._roles (getattr is for the user case)
                # If this is removed upstream (undocumented)
                # there is a silent failure potential, and role blacklist/whitelists will break.
                ids = {i for i in (who.id, *(getattr(who, "_roles", []))) if i != guild.id}

            guild_whitelist = await self._config.guild(guild).whitelist()
            if guild_whitelist:
                if ids.isdisjoint(guild_whitelist):
                    return False
            else:
                guild_blacklist = await self._config.guild(guild).blacklist()
                if not ids.isdisjoint(guild_blacklist):
                    return False

        return True

    async def get_valid_prefixes(self, guild: Optional[discord.Guild] = None) -> List[str]:
        """
        This gets the valid prefixes for a guild.

        If not provided a guild (or passed None) it will give the DM prefixes.

        This is just a fancy wrapper around ``get_prefix``

        Parameters
        ----------
        guild : Optional[discord.Guild]
            The guild you want prefixes for. Omit (or pass None) for the DM prefixes

        Returns
        -------
        List[str]
            If a guild was specified, the valid prefixes in that guild.
            If a guild was not specified, the valid prefixes for DMs
        """
        return await self.get_prefix(NotMessage(guild))

    async def get_embed_color(self, location: discord.abc.Messageable) -> discord.Color:
        """
        Get the embed color for a location. This takes into account all related settings.

        Parameters
        ----------
        location : `discord.abc.Messageable`
            Location to check embed color for.

        Returns
        -------
        discord.Color
            Embed color for the provided location.
        """

        guild = getattr(location, "guild", None)

        if (
            guild
            and await self._config.guild(guild).use_bot_color()
            and not isinstance(location, discord.Member)
        ):
            return guild.me.color

        return self._color

    get_embed_colour = get_embed_color

    # start config migrations
    async def _maybe_update_config(self):
        """
        This should be run prior to loading cogs or connecting to discord.
        """
        schema_version = await self._config.schema_version()

        if schema_version == 0:
            await self._schema_0_to_1()
            schema_version += 1
            await self._config.schema_version.set(schema_version)
        if schema_version == 1:
            await self._schema_1_to_2()
            schema_version += 1
            await self._config.schema_version.set(schema_version)

    async def _schema_1_to_2(self):
        """
        This contains the migration of shared API tokens to a custom config scope
        """

        log.info("Moving shared API tokens to a custom group")
        all_shared_api_tokens = await self._config.get_raw("api_tokens", default={})
        for service_name, token_mapping in all_shared_api_tokens.items():
            service_partial = self._config.custom(SHARED_API_TOKENS, service_name)
            async with service_partial.all() as basically_bulk_update:
                basically_bulk_update.update(token_mapping)

        await self._config.clear_raw("api_tokens")

    async def _schema_0_to_1(self):
        """
        This contains the migration to allow multiple mod and multiple admin roles.
        """

        log.info("Begin updating guild configs to support multiple mod/admin roles")
        all_guild_data = await self._config.all_guilds()
        for guild_id, guild_data in all_guild_data.items():
            guild_obj = discord.Object(id=guild_id)
            mod_roles, admin_roles = [], []
            maybe_mod_role_id = guild_data["mod_role"]
            maybe_admin_role_id = guild_data["admin_role"]

            if maybe_mod_role_id:
                mod_roles.append(maybe_mod_role_id)
                await self._config.guild(guild_obj).mod_role.set(mod_roles)
            if maybe_admin_role_id:
                admin_roles.append(maybe_admin_role_id)
                await self._config.guild(guild_obj).admin_role.set(admin_roles)
        log.info("Done updating guild configs to support multiple mod/admin roles")

    # end Config migrations

    async def pre_flight(self, cli_flags):
        """
        This should only be run once, prior to connecting to discord.
        """
        await self._maybe_update_config()
        self.description = await self._config.description()

        init_global_checks(self)
        init_events(self, cli_flags)

        if self.owner_id is None:
            self.owner_id = await self._config.owner()

        i18n_locale = await self._config.locale()
        i18n.set_locale(i18n_locale)

        self.add_cog(Core(self))
        self.add_cog(CogManagerUI())
        self.add_command(license_info_command)
        if cli_flags.dev:
            self.add_cog(Dev())

        await modlog._init(self)
        bank._init()

        packages = []

        last_system_info = await self._config.last_system_info()

        async def notify_owners(content: str) -> None:
            destinations = await self.get_owner_notification_destinations()
            for destination in destinations:
                prefixes = await self.get_valid_prefixes(getattr(destination, "guild", None))
                prefix = prefixes[0]
                try:
                    await destination.send(content.format(prefix=prefix))
                except Exception as _exc:
                    log.exception(
                        f"I could not send an owner notification to ({destination.id}){destination}"
                    )

        ver_info = list(sys.version_info[:2])
        python_version_changed = False
        LIB_PATH = cog_data_path(raw_name="Downloader") / "lib"
        if ver_info != last_system_info["python_version"]:
            await self._config.last_system_info.python_version.set(ver_info)
            if any(LIB_PATH.iterdir()):
                shutil.rmtree(str(LIB_PATH))
                LIB_PATH.mkdir()
                self.loop.create_task(
                    notify_owners(
                        "We detected a change in minor Python version"
                        " and cleared packages in lib folder.\n"
                        "The instance was started with no cogs, please load Downloader"
                        " and use `{prefix}cog reinstallreqs` to regenerate lib folder."
                        " After that, restart the bot to get"
                        " all of your previously loaded cogs loaded again."
                    )
                )
                python_version_changed = True
        else:
            if cli_flags.no_cogs is False:
                packages.extend(await self._config.packages())

            if cli_flags.load_cogs:
                packages.extend(cli_flags.load_cogs)

        system_changed = False
        machine = platform.machine()
        system = platform.system()
        if last_system_info["machine"] is None:
            await self._config.last_system_info.machine.set(machine)
        elif last_system_info["machine"] != machine:
            await self._config.last_system_info.machine.set(machine)
            system_changed = True

        if last_system_info["system"] is None:
            await self._config.last_system_info.system.set(system)
        elif last_system_info["system"] != system:
            await self._config.last_system_info.system.set(system)
            system_changed = True

        if system_changed and not python_version_changed:
            self.loop.create_task(
                notify_owners(
                    "We detected a possible change in machine's operating system"
                    " or architecture. You might need to regenerate your lib folder"
                    " if 3rd-party cogs stop working properly.\n"
                    "To regenerate lib folder, load Downloader and use `{prefix}cog reinstallreqs`."
                )
            )

        if packages:
            # Load permissions first, for security reasons
            try:
                packages.remove("permissions")
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                packages.insert(0, "permissions")

            to_remove = []
            print("Loading packages...")
            for package in packages:
                try:
                    spec = await self._cog_mgr.find_cog(package)
                    await asyncio.wait_for(self.load_extension(spec), 30)
                except asyncio.TimeoutError:
                    log.exception("Failed to load package %s (timeout)", package)
                    to_remove.append(package)
                except Exception as e:
                    log.exception("Failed to load package {}".format(package), exc_info=e)
                    await self.remove_loaded_package(package)
                    to_remove.append(package)
            for package in to_remove:
                packages.remove(package)
            if packages:
                print("Loaded packages: " + ", ".join(packages))

        if self.rpc_enabled:
            await self.rpc.initialize(self.rpc_port)

    async def start(self, *args, **kwargs):
        cli_flags = kwargs.pop("cli_flags")
        await self.pre_flight(cli_flags=cli_flags)
        return await super().start(*args, **kwargs)

    async def send_help_for(
        self, ctx: commands.Context, help_for: Union[commands.Command, commands.GroupMixin, str]
    ):
        """
        Invokes Red's helpformatter for a given context and object.
        """
        return await self._help_formatter.send_help(ctx, help_for)

    async def embed_requested(self, channel, user, command=None) -> bool:
        """
        Determine if an embed is requested for a response.

        Parameters
        ----------
        channel : `discord.abc.GuildChannel` or `discord.abc.PrivateChannel`
            The channel to check embed settings for.
        user : `discord.abc.User`
            The user to check embed settings for.
        command
            (Optional) the command ran.

        Returns
        -------
        bool
            :code:`True` if an embed is requested
        """
        if isinstance(channel, discord.abc.PrivateChannel):
            user_setting = await self._config.user(user).embeds()
            if user_setting is not None:
                return user_setting
        else:
            channel_setting = await self._config.channel(channel).embeds()
            if channel_setting is not None:
                return channel_setting
            guild_setting = await self._config.guild(channel.guild).embeds()
            if guild_setting is not None:
                return guild_setting

        global_setting = await self._config.embeds()
        return global_setting

    async def is_owner(self, user: Union[discord.User, discord.Member]) -> bool:
        """
        Determines if the user should be considered a bot owner.

        This takes into account CLI flags and application ownership.

        By default,
        application team members are not considered owners,
        while individual application owners are.

        Parameters
        ----------
        user: Union[discord.User, discord.Member]

        Returns
        -------
        bool
        """
        if user.id in self._co_owners:
            return True

        if self.owner_id:
            return self.owner_id == user.id
        elif self.owner_ids:
            return user.id in self.owner_ids
        else:
            app = await self.application_info()
            if app.team:
                if self._use_team_features:
                    self.owner_ids = ids = {m.id for m in app.team.members}
                    return user.id in ids
            else:
                self.owner_id = owner_id = app.owner.id
                return user.id == owner_id

        return False

    async def is_admin(self, member: discord.Member) -> bool:
        """Checks if a member is an admin of their guild."""
        try:
            member_snowflakes = member._roles  # DEP-WARN
            for snowflake in await self._config.guild(member.guild).admin_role():
                if member_snowflakes.has(snowflake):  # Dep-WARN
                    return True
        except AttributeError:  # someone passed a webhook to this
            pass
        return False

    async def is_mod(self, member: discord.Member) -> bool:
        """Checks if a member is a mod or admin of their guild."""
        try:
            member_snowflakes = member._roles  # DEP-WARN
            for snowflake in await self._config.guild(member.guild).admin_role():
                if member_snowflakes.has(snowflake):  # DEP-WARN
                    return True
            for snowflake in await self._config.guild(member.guild).mod_role():
                if member_snowflakes.has(snowflake):  # DEP-WARN
                    return True
        except AttributeError:  # someone passed a webhook to this
            pass
        return False

    async def get_admin_roles(self, guild: discord.Guild) -> List[discord.Role]:
        """
        Gets the admin roles for a guild.
        """
        ret: List[discord.Role] = []
        for snowflake in await self._config.guild(guild).admin_role():
            r = guild.get_role(snowflake)
            if r:
                ret.append(r)
        return ret

    async def get_mod_roles(self, guild: discord.Guild) -> List[discord.Role]:
        """
        Gets the mod roles for a guild.
        """
        ret: List[discord.Role] = []
        for snowflake in await self._config.guild(guild).mod_role():
            r = guild.get_role(snowflake)
            if r:
                ret.append(r)
        return ret

    async def get_admin_role_ids(self, guild_id: int) -> List[int]:
        """
        Gets the admin role ids for a guild id.
        """
        return await self._config.guild(discord.Object(id=guild_id)).admin_role()

    async def get_mod_role_ids(self, guild_id: int) -> List[int]:
        """
        Gets the mod role ids for a guild id.
        """
        return await self._config.guild(discord.Object(id=guild_id)).mod_role()

    async def get_shared_api_tokens(self, service_name: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
        """
        Gets the shared API tokens for a service

        Parameters
        ----------
        service_name: str
            The service to get tokens for.

        Returns
        -------
        Dict[str, str]
            A Mapping of token names to tokens.
            This mapping exists because some services have multiple tokens.
        """
        return await self._config.custom(SHARED_API_TOKENS, service_name).all()

    async def set_shared_api_tokens(self, service_name: str, **tokens: str):
        """
        Sets shared API tokens for a service

        In most cases, this should not be used. Users should instead be using the
        ``set api`` command

        This will not clear existing values not specified.

        Parameters
        ----------
        service_name: str
            The service to set tokens for
        **tokens
            token_name -> token

        Examples
        --------
        Setting the api_key for youtube from a value in a variable ``my_key``

        >>> await ctx.bot.set_shared_api_tokens("youtube", api_key=my_key)
        """

        async with self._config.custom(SHARED_API_TOKENS, service_name).all() as group:
            group.update(tokens)
        self.dispatch("red_api_tokens_update", service_name, MappingProxyType(group))

    async def remove_shared_api_tokens(self, service_name: str, *token_names: str):
        """
        Removes shared API tokens

        Parameters
        ----------
        service_name: str
            The service to remove tokens for
        *token_names: str
            The name of each token to be removed

        Examples
        --------
        Removing the api_key for youtube

        >>> await ctx.bot.remove_shared_api_tokens("youtube", "api_key")
        """
        async with self._config.custom(SHARED_API_TOKENS, service_name).all() as group:
            for name in token_names:
                group.pop(name, None)

    async def get_context(self, message, *, cls=commands.Context):
        return await super().get_context(message, cls=cls)

    async def process_commands(self, message: discord.Message):
        """
        Same as base method, but dispatches an additional event for cogs
        which want to handle normal messages differently to command
        messages,  without the overhead of additional get_context calls
        per cog.
        """
        if not message.author.bot:
            ctx = await self.get_context(message)
            await self.invoke(ctx)
        else:
            ctx = None

        if ctx is None or ctx.valid is False:
            self.dispatch("message_without_command", message)

    @staticmethod
    def list_packages():
        """Lists packages present in the cogs the folder"""
        return os.listdir("cogs")

    async def save_packages_status(self, packages):
        await self._config.packages.set(packages)

    async def add_loaded_package(self, pkg_name: str):
        async with self._config.packages() as curr_pkgs:
            if pkg_name not in curr_pkgs:
                curr_pkgs.append(pkg_name)

    async def remove_loaded_package(self, pkg_name: str):
        async with self._config.packages() as curr_pkgs:
            while pkg_name in curr_pkgs:
                curr_pkgs.remove(pkg_name)

    async def load_extension(self, spec: ModuleSpec):
        # NB: this completely bypasses `discord.ext.commands.Bot._load_from_module_spec`
        name = spec.name.split(".")[-1]
        if name in self.extensions:
            raise errors.PackageAlreadyLoaded(spec)

        lib = spec.loader.load_module()
        if not hasattr(lib, "setup"):
            del lib
            raise discord.ClientException(f"extension {name} does not have a setup function")

        try:
            if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(lib.setup):
                await lib.setup(self)
            else:
                lib.setup(self)
        except Exception as e:
            self._remove_module_references(lib.__name__)
            self._call_module_finalizers(lib, name)
            raise
        else:
            self._BotBase__extensions[name] = lib

    def remove_cog(self, cogname: str):
        cog = self.get_cog(cogname)
        if cog is None:
            return

        for cls in inspect.getmro(cog.__class__):
            try:
                hook = getattr(cog, f"_{cls.__name__}__permissions_hook")
            except AttributeError:
                pass
            else:
                self.remove_permissions_hook(hook)

        super().remove_cog(cogname)

        cog.requires.reset()

        for meth in self.rpc_handlers.pop(cogname.upper(), ()):
            self.unregister_rpc_handler(meth)

    async def is_automod_immune(
        self, to_check: Union[discord.Message, commands.Context, discord.abc.User, discord.Role]
    ) -> bool:
        """
        Checks if the user, message, context, or role should be considered immune from automated
        moderation actions.

        This will return ``False`` in direct messages.

        Parameters
        ----------
        to_check : `discord.Message` or `commands.Context` or `discord.abc.User` or `discord.Role`
            Something to check if it would be immune

        Returns
        -------
        bool
            ``True`` if immune

        """
        guild = getattr(to_check, "guild", None)
        if not guild:
            return False

        if isinstance(to_check, discord.Role):
            ids_to_check = [to_check.id]
        else:
            author = getattr(to_check, "author", to_check)
            try:
                ids_to_check = [r.id for r in author.roles]
            except AttributeError:
                # webhook messages are a user not member,
                # cheaper than isinstance
                if author.bot and author.discriminator == "0000":
                    return True  # webhooks require significant permissions to enable.
            else:
                ids_to_check.append(author.id)

        immune_ids = await self._config.guild(guild).autoimmune_ids()

        return any(i in immune_ids for i in ids_to_check)

    @staticmethod
    async def send_filtered(
        destination: discord.abc.Messageable,
        filter_mass_mentions=True,
        filter_invite_links=True,
        filter_all_links=False,
        **kwargs,
    ):
        """
        This is a convienience wrapper around

        discord.abc.Messageable.send

        It takes the destination you'd like to send to, which filters to apply
        (defaults on mass mentions, and invite links) and any other parameters
        normally accepted by destination.send

        This should realistically only be used for responding using user provided
        input. (unfortunately, including usernames)
        Manually crafted messages which dont take any user input have no need of this

        Returns
        -------
        discord.Message
            The message that was sent.
        """

        content = kwargs.pop("content", None)

        if content:
            if filter_mass_mentions:
                content = common_filters.filter_mass_mentions(content)
            if filter_invite_links:
                content = common_filters.filter_invites(content)
            if filter_all_links:
                content = common_filters.filter_urls(content)

        return await destination.send(content=content, **kwargs)

    def add_cog(self, cog: commands.Cog):
        if not isinstance(cog, commands.Cog):
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"The {cog.__class__.__name__} cog in the {cog.__module__} package does "
                f"not inherit from the commands.Cog base class. The cog author must update "
                f"the cog to adhere to this requirement."
            )
        if cog.__cog_name__ in self.cogs:
            raise RuntimeError(f"There is already a cog named {cog.__cog_name__} loaded.")
        if not hasattr(cog, "requires"):
            commands.Cog.__init__(cog)

        added_hooks = []

        try:
            for cls in inspect.getmro(cog.__class__):
                try:
                    hook = getattr(cog, f"_{cls.__name__}__permissions_hook")
                except AttributeError:
                    pass
                else:
                    self.add_permissions_hook(hook)
                    added_hooks.append(hook)

            super().add_cog(cog)
            self.dispatch("cog_add", cog)
            if "permissions" not in self.extensions:
                cog.requires.ready_event.set()
        except Exception:
            for hook in added_hooks:
                try:
                    self.remove_permissions_hook(hook)
                except Exception:
                    # This shouldn't be possible
                    log.exception(
                        "A hook got extremely screwed up, "
                        "and could not be removed properly during another error in cog load."
                    )
            del cog
            raise

    def add_command(self, command: commands.Command) -> None:
        if not isinstance(command, commands.Command):
            raise RuntimeError("Commands must be instances of `redbot.core.commands.Command`")

        super().add_command(command)

        permissions_not_loaded = "permissions" not in self.extensions
        self.dispatch("command_add", command)
        if permissions_not_loaded:
            command.requires.ready_event.set()
        if isinstance(command, commands.Group):
            for subcommand in set(command.walk_commands()):
                self.dispatch("command_add", subcommand)
                if permissions_not_loaded:
                    subcommand.requires.ready_event.set()

    def remove_command(self, name: str) -> None:
        command = super().remove_command(name)
        if not command:
            return
        command.requires.reset()
        if isinstance(command, commands.Group):
            for subcommand in set(command.walk_commands()):
                subcommand.requires.reset()

    def clear_permission_rules(self, guild_id: Optional[int], **kwargs) -> None:
        """Clear all permission overrides in a scope.

        Parameters
        ----------
        guild_id : Optional[int]
            The guild ID to wipe permission overrides for. If
            ``None``, this will clear all global rules and leave all
            guild rules untouched.

        **kwargs
            Keyword arguments to be passed to each required call of
            ``commands.Requires.clear_all_rules``

        """
        for cog in self.cogs.values():
            cog.requires.clear_all_rules(guild_id, **kwargs)
        for command in self.walk_commands():
            command.requires.clear_all_rules(guild_id, **kwargs)

    def add_permissions_hook(self, hook: commands.CheckPredicate) -> None:
        """Add a permissions hook.

        Permissions hooks are check predicates which are called before
        calling `Requires.verify`, and they can optionally return an
        override: ``True`` to allow, ``False`` to deny, and ``None`` to
        default to normal behaviour.

        Parameters
        ----------
        hook
            A command check predicate which returns ``True``, ``False``
            or ``None``.

        """
        self._permissions_hooks.append(hook)

    def remove_permissions_hook(self, hook: commands.CheckPredicate) -> None:
        """Remove a permissions hook.

        Parameters are the same as those in `add_permissions_hook`.

        Raises
        ------
        ValueError
            If the permissions hook has not been added.

        """
        self._permissions_hooks.remove(hook)

    async def verify_permissions_hooks(self, ctx: commands.Context) -> Optional[bool]:
        """Run permissions hooks.

        Parameters
        ----------
        ctx : commands.Context
            The context for the command being invoked.

        Returns
        -------
        Optional[bool]
            ``False`` if any hooks returned ``False``, ``True`` if any
            hooks return ``True`` and none returned ``False``, ``None``
            otherwise.

        """
        hook_results = []
        for hook in self._permissions_hooks:
            result = await discord.utils.maybe_coroutine(hook, ctx)
            if result is not None:
                hook_results.append(result)
        if hook_results:
            if all(hook_results):
                ctx.permission_state = commands.PermState.ALLOWED_BY_HOOK
                return True
            else:
                ctx.permission_state = commands.PermState.DENIED_BY_HOOK
                return False

    async def get_owner_notification_destinations(self) -> List[discord.abc.Messageable]:
        """
        Gets the users and channels to send to
        """
        await self.wait_until_red_ready()
        destinations = []
        opt_outs = await self._config.owner_opt_out_list()
        team_ids = () if not self._use_team_features else self.owner_ids
        for user_id in set((self.owner_id, *self._co_owners, *team_ids)):
            if user_id not in opt_outs:
                user = self.get_user(user_id)
                if user and not user.bot:  # user.bot is possible with flags and teams
                    destinations.append(user)
                else:
                    log.warning(
                        "Owner with ID %s is missing in user cache,"
                        " ignoring owner notification destination.",
                        user_id,
                    )

        channel_ids = await self._config.extra_owner_destinations()
        for channel_id in channel_ids:
            channel = self.get_channel(channel_id)
            if channel:
                destinations.append(channel)
            else:
                log.warning(
                    "Channel with ID %s is not available,"
                    " ignoring owner notification destination.",
                    channel_id,
                )

        return destinations

    async def send_to_owners(self, content=None, **kwargs):
        """
        This sends something to all owners and their configured extra destinations.

        This takes the same arguments as discord.abc.Messageable.send

        This logs failing sends
        """
        destinations = await self.get_owner_notification_destinations()

        async def wrapped_send(location, content=None, **kwargs):
            try:
                await location.send(content, **kwargs)
            except Exception as _exc:
                log.exception(
                    f"I could not send an owner notification to ({location.id}){location}"
                )

        sends = [wrapped_send(d, content, **kwargs) for d in destinations]
        await asyncio.gather(*sends)

    async def wait_until_red_ready(self):
        """Wait until our post connection startup is done."""
        await self._red_ready.wait()


class Red(RedBase, discord.AutoShardedClient):
    """
    You're welcome Caleb.
    """

    async def logout(self):
        """Logs out of Discord and closes all connections."""
        await super().logout()
        await drivers.get_driver_class().teardown()
        try:
            await self.rpc.close()
        except AttributeError:
            pass

    async def shutdown(self, *, restart: bool = False):
        """Gracefully quit Red.

        The program will exit with code :code:`0` by default.

        Parameters
        ----------
        restart : bool
            If :code:`True`, the program will exit with code :code:`26`. If the
            launcher sees this, it will attempt to restart the bot.

        """
        if not restart:
            self._shutdown_mode = ExitCodes.SHUTDOWN
        else:
            self._shutdown_mode = ExitCodes.RESTART

        await self.logout()
        sys.exit(self._shutdown_mode)


class ExitCodes(IntEnum):
    # This needs to be an int enum to be used
    # with sys.exit
    CRITICAL = 1
    SHUTDOWN = 0
    RESTART = 26